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Reading Strings From the Terminal

Posted by Ravi Kumar at Friday, September 23, 2011
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The familiar input function scanf can be used with %s
format specification to read in a string of characters.
char address[15];
scanf("%s", address);
The problem with the scanf function is that it terminates
its input on the first white space it finds.Therefore if the
following line of text is typed in at the terminal,NEW YORK
then only the string "NEW" will be read into the array
address,since the blank space after the word "NEW" will
terminate the string.

Note: Unlike previous scanf calls, in the
case of character arrays , the ampersand(&) is not required
before the variable name. The scanf function automatically
terminates the string that is read with a null character and
therefore the character array should be large enough to hold
the input string plus the null character.'C' does not
provide operators that work on strings directly. For
instance we cannot assign one string to another directly.
string = "ABC";
string1 = string2; are not valid.

Writing strings to screen:
The %s format can be used to display an array of characters
that is terminated by the null character.% 10.4s indicates
that the first four characters are to be printed in a field
width of 10 columns.%-10.4s indicates that the string will
be printed left justified.

Note :
1.When the field width is less than the length of the string,
the entire string is printed.
2.The integer value on the right side of the decimal print
specifies the number of characters to be printed.
3.When the number of characters to be printed is specified as
'zero' nothing is printed.
4.The minus sign in the specification causes the string to be
printed left justified

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